5 Common Tests During Pregnancy You Must Have

Pregnancy is one of the most transformative journeys in a woman’s life — filled with excitement, new experiences, and the constant desire to ensure both mother and baby remain in the best of health. Throughout these nine months, your doctor will recommend a series of tests to monitor your progress, detect any potential complications early, and ensure your baby’s growth is on track. While every pregnancy is unique, there are a few essential tests that nearly every expecting mother should undergo.

Below are the five most common tests during pregnancy and why they are so important for a safe and healthy journey to motherhood.

1. Blood and Urine Screening at the First Visit

Your first prenatal visit usually includes comprehensive blood and urine tests. These are fundamental to assessing your baseline health and identifying any risk factors early on.

• Blood Tests: These help determine your blood type, Rh factor, haemoglobin levels, and immunity to infections such as rubella or chickenpox. They also screen for infections like HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis.
• Urine Tests: Urine samples are checked for sugar (which may indicate gestational diabetes), protein (an early sign of pre-eclampsia), and urinary infections.

Why It Matters: Early detection of infections or anaemia ensures timely treatment. Knowing your Rh status is crucial to prevent complications such as haemolytic disease in the newborn.

Pro Tip: Always share your medical history and any past complications with your gynaecologist before the first test. This helps tailor your care plan effectively.

2. Mid-Pregnancy Ultrasound (Anomaly or Growth Scan)

Typically performed between 18 to 22 weeks, this ultrasound is one of the most exciting moments in pregnancy — it’s often when parents first see their baby’s features clearly. However, it’s more than just a keepsake image; it’s a vital diagnostic tool.

• The scan evaluates the baby’s anatomy — including the brain, spine, limbs, heart, and other organs.
• It checks the placenta’s location, the amount of amniotic fluid, and the baby’s position.
• It helps estimate gestational age and confirm the expected due date.

Why It Matters: The mid-pregnancy scan helps identify developmental concerns or structural abnormalities early. With early intervention or closer monitoring, potential risks can often be managed effectively.

Pro Tip: Ask your doctor about what to expect during the scan, and whether 3D or 4D imaging is available for a clearer view of your baby.

3. Glucose Tolerance Test (Screening for Gestational Diabetes)

Between 24 and 28 weeks, your doctor will likely recommend a glucose test to screen for gestational diabetes — a temporary condition that affects how your body uses sugar during pregnancy.

• You may be asked to drink a sugary liquid, followed by blood samples taken at specific intervals.
• If your blood sugar levels are higher than normal, additional tests may be conducted to confirm the diagnosis.

Why It Matters: Gestational diabetes can increase the risk of complications such as high birth weight, pre-term delivery, and even future diabetes for both mother and child. Managing it through diet, exercise, and regular monitoring can significantly reduce risks.

Pro Tip: Follow your doctor’s fasting or dietary instructions carefully before the test for accurate results.

4. Genetic and Chromosomal Screening Tests

In the first and second trimesters, optional but important screening tests can help identify the risk of genetic conditions such as Down syndrome or neural-tube defects like spina bifida.

• First-Trimester Screening: This may combine a blood test with an ultrasound called nuchal translucency scan, which measures the fluid at the back of the baby’s neck.
• Second-Trimester Screening (Quadruple Test): This measures specific substances in the mother’s blood that can indicate risk for chromosomal or neural-tube abnormalities.

Why It Matters: These tests do not diagnose, but they assess the likelihood of genetic conditions, helping parents make informed decisions about further diagnostic procedures if needed.

Pro Tip: Discuss the implications of results thoroughly with your doctor. A high-risk result doesn’t always mean something is wrong — it simply means more testing may be advisable.

5. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Test in the Third Trimester

Around 35 to 37 weeks, expectant mothers are screened for Group B Streptococcus (GBS) — a type of bacteria that may naturally live in the vagina or rectum without causing symptoms.

• The test involves taking a simple swab from the vaginal and rectal area.
• If the test result is positive, antibiotics are administered during labour to prevent transmission to the baby.

Why It Matters: While GBS rarely harms the mother, it can cause serious infections in newborns if passed during delivery. Screening ensures preventive treatment can be provided at the right time.

Pro Tip: If you test positive, don’t panic — GBS is common and treatable. Just ensure you inform your birthing team so they can take appropriate steps during labour.

Conclusion

Prenatal testing plays a crucial role in promoting a healthy pregnancy. Each test — from initial screenings to late-term evaluations — provides valuable information about the mother’s health and the baby’s development. While it may seem overwhelming at first, remember that these tests are designed to protect both of you and ensure a smooth, safe delivery.

Regular antenatal check-ups, maintaining a healthy diet, staying active, and keeping open communication with your doctor will help you navigate your pregnancy journey confidently.

For comprehensive prenatal care and expert guidance, consult an experienced gynaecologist like Dr. Preeti Rastogi, who offers personalized care throughout every stage of pregnancy.