8 Most Common Gynaecological Disorders Every Woman Should Know
Women’s health is closely tied to gynaecological well-being. Many conditions are common, but with early diagnosis and treatment, they can often be managed effectively. Awareness of symptoms and available treatments can help women maintain long-term reproductive and overall health. Below are the 8 most common gynaecological disorders, along with related diagnostic and treatment services offered in women’s healthcare.
1. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
PCOS is a hormonal disorder where ovaries produce excess male hormones, often leading to irregular cycles and cyst formation.
Symptoms
- Irregular or absent periods
- Weight gain and difficulty losing weight
- Acne or oily skin
- Excess body or facial hair
- Infertility challenges
Related Services
- Hormonal therapy
- Lifestyle management and diet counselling
- Insulin resistance treatment
- Fertility evaluation and treatment
2. Uterine Fibroids
Definition
Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths inside or around the uterus, varying in size and number.
Symptoms
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination
- Pain during intercourse
Related Services
- Ultrasound and diagnostic imaging
- Medical therapy for symptom control
- Minimally invasive procedures like myomectomy
- Surgical treatment if required
3. Endometriosis
Definition
Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, causing pain and fertility issues.
Symptoms
- Severe period pain
- Chronic pelvic pain
- Pain during sex
- Infertility problems
Related Services
- Hormonal management
- Pain relief medications
- Laparoscopic surgery for lesion removal
- Fertility support
4. Abnormal or Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
Definition
Abnormal bleeding includes cycles that are unusually heavy, prolonged, or irregular, sometimes without an obvious cause.
Symptoms
- Periods lasting more than 7 days
- Excessive blood loss
- Spotting between periods
- Irregular cycle length
Related Services
- Diagnostic imaging and hysteroscopy
- Hormonal and non-hormonal treatments
- Endometrial ablation
- Surgical options like hysterectomy in severe cases
5. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Definition
PID is an infection of the reproductive organs, usually caused by bacteria spreading from the vagina or cervix.
Symptoms
- Lower abdominal pain
- Fever and chills
- Vaginal discharge with odor
- Painful intercourse or urination
Related Services
- Antibiotic treatment
- Hospitalization for severe infections
- Partner treatment and counselling
- Ultrasound and follow-up care
6. Vaginal Infections
Definition
Vaginal infections include yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, and parasitic infections that disrupt the natural balance.
Symptoms
- Vaginal itching and burning
- Unusual discharge or odor
- Pain during urination or sex
Related Services
- Lab testing and swab cultures
- Antifungal and antibiotic therapy
- Preventive care and hygiene counselling
7. Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Definition
Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when weakened muscles cause the bladder, uterus, or rectum to drop into the vaginal canal.
Symptoms
- Feeling of pelvic heaviness
- Visible bulge in the vaginal area
- Urinary incontinence
- Difficulty with bowel movements
Related Services
- Pelvic floor physiotherapy
- Pessary fitting and management
- Hormonal therapy
- Surgical repair
8. Gynaecological Cancers
Definition
These include cancers of the cervix, ovaries, uterus, vulva, or vagina, which require early detection for best outcomes.
Symptoms
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding
- Pelvic pain or bloating
- Unusual discharge
- Lumps or sores
Related Services
- Cancer screening (Pap smear, HPV test)
- Biopsy and diagnostic imaging
- Surgical treatment
- Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and follow-up care
When to See a Gynaecologist
Seek medical care if you experience:
- Severe or worsening period pain
- Excessive or irregular bleeding
- Painful intercourse
- Unusual vaginal discharge
- Difficulty conceiving
- Bleeding after menopause
Gynaecology Services Commonly Offered
- Preventive check-ups and screenings
- Pap smear and HPV vaccination
- Ultrasound and diagnostic imaging
- Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy
- Fertility counselling and IVF support
- Treatment of infections and pelvic conditions
- Surgical procedures (myomectomy, hysterectomy, cancer surgeries)
Conclusion
Gynaecological disorders are common but manageable with timely care. From PCOS and fibroids to infections and cancers, early diagnosis and treatment can protect fertility, ease symptoms, and improve long-term health. Regular check-ups, awareness of symptoms, and access to specialized gynaecological services are the keys to maintaining women’s health at every stage of life. Also Read – What is noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT)
